{"id":1141,"date":"2026-04-22T03:25:07","date_gmt":"2026-04-22T03:25:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fschier.com\/?p=1141"},"modified":"2026-04-22T03:39:15","modified_gmt":"2026-04-22T03:39:15","slug":"a-practical-guide-to-hardware-testing-standards-in-the-us-and-eu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fschier.com\/vi\/a-practical-guide-to-hardware-testing-standards-in-the-us-and-eu\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 Li\u00ean minh Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 \u0111o\u00e1n m\u00f2. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tham gia qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p, trong \u0111\u00f3 ai \u0111\u00f3 l\u00f4i ra logo CE, l\u1ea9m b\u1ea9m \u201c\u0111ang ch\u1edd ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn UL\u201d, gi\u01a1 l\u00ean b\u1ea3n PDF b\u00e1o c\u00e1o th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m t\u1eeb m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 mong r\u1eb1ng th\u1ebf l\u00e0 xong chuy\u1ec7n, d\u00f9 danh s\u00e1ch v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (BOM) \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, v\u1ecf thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u00fang c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai trong ph\u00f2ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0o M\u1ef9 v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn (RF), s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u00f9ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, hay ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5m c\u01a1 kh\u00ed. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nghe quen thu\u1ed9c hay qu\u00e1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt ph\u0169 ph\u00e0ng m\u00e0 t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n chia s\u1ebb: c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ki\u1ec3m tra ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1edf th\u00edch gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc r\u1ee7i ro ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u01a1 l\u00e0, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eaft gi\u00e1 d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u1ea3i quan, vi\u1ec7c g\u1ee1 b\u1ecf s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u1ecfi Amazon, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t thu h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a CPSC, ho\u1eb7c c\u01a1 quan ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng EU ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u1ea1i gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1edd qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o. C\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3i \u0111i qua <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fcc.gov\/oet\/ea\/rfdevice\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ee7a FCC<\/a>, an to\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c OSHA c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn theo <a href=\"https:\/\/www.osha.gov\/nationally-recognized-testing-laboratory-program\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh NRTL<\/a>, v\u00e0 tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a EU \u0111i qua <a href=\"https:\/\/single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu\/single-market\/goods\/ce-marking_en\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">D\u1ea5u CE<\/a> theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh, th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m <a href=\"https:\/\/single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu\/sectors\/electrical-and-electronic-engineering-industries-eei\/electromagnetic-compatibility-emc-directive_en\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb EMC 2014\/30\/EU<\/a> v\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu\/sectors\/electrical-and-electronic-engineering-industries-eei\/low-voltage-directive-lvd_en\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p 2014\/35\/EU<\/a>. T\u1ea1i sao v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ty n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng d\u00e1n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang v\u1eady, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 xem qua fschier.com tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i n\u00e0y. T\u00f4i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng x\u1ebfp b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u201ctin t\u1ee9c ng\u00e0nh\u201d chung chung. T\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a n\u00f3 th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o chuy\u00ean m\u1ee5c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a trang web: <a href=\"https:\/\/fschier.com\/vi\/window-hardware-compliance-trends-global-buyers-should-watch-in-2026\/\">Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec1 ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2026<\/a>, c\u00e1i <a href=\"https:\/\/fschier.com\/vi\/how-to-verify-hardware-compliance-for-aluminum-windows-and-doors\/\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cho c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 v\u00e0 c\u1eeda ra v\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng nh\u00f4m<\/a>, c\u00e1i <a href=\"https:\/\/fschier.com\/vi\/how-to-build-a-global-sourcing-strategy-for-window-and-door-hardware\/\">chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm ngu\u1ed3n cung \u1ee9ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u<\/a>, c\u00e1i <a href=\"https:\/\/fschier.com\/vi\/preventing-defective-finishes-corrosion-in-window-hardware\/\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba \u0103n m\u00f2n ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n c\u1eeda s\u1ed5<\/a>, v\u00e0 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 <a href=\"https:\/\/fschier.com\/vi\/what-global-buyers-look-for-in-a-long-term-hardware-partner\/\">Nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau ch\u00ed m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 mua h\u00e0ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c cung c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/a>. L\u00fd do r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: trang ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 blog \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u0103n m\u00f2n, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy xu\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n EN 15685, EN 12209 v\u00e0 ANSI\/BHMA A156.13, v\u00ec v\u1eady l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p. T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i logic s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a trang web khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-greenshift-blocks-image gspb_image gspb_image-id-gsbp-fa57b8c\" id=\"gspb_image-id-gsbp-fa57b8c\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/fschier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/A-Practical-Guide-to-Hardware-Testing-Standards-in-the-US-and-EU-2.jpg\" data-src=\"\" alt=\"A Practical Guide to Hardware Testing Standards in the US and EU\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"850\" height=\"510\" title=\"\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rank-math-toc-block\" id=\"rank-math-toc\"><h2>M\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c<\/h2><nav><ul><li><a href=\"#the-us-and-eu-do-not-want-the-same-proof\">M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 EU kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#the-us-path-is-split-on-purpose\">Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#the-eu-path-is-broader-but-less-forgiving-of-bluffing\">Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a EU r\u1ed9ng m\u1edf h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng \u00edt khoan dung h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeba<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#the-three-lies-vendors-hope-you-never-challenge\">Ba l\u1eddi d\u1ed1i tr\u00e1 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p hy v\u1ecdng b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#our-ce-mark-covers-everything\">\u201cCh\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn CE c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m\u201d<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#ul-is-the-law-in-america\">\u201cUL l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9\u201d<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#the-test-report-passed-so-production-is-safe\">\u201cB\u00e1o c\u00e1o th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00e0 an to\u00e0n\u201d<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#case-files-that-should-make-you-less-trusting\">Nh\u1eefng h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 v\u1ee5 \u00e1n khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u00edt tin t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u01a1n<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#the-workflow-i-would-actually-use-before-the-first-po\">Quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 t\u00f4i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 s\u1ebd \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#first-classify-the-hardware-honestly\">Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, h\u00e3y ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch trung th\u1ef1c<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#second-map-the-law-before-the-lab\">Th\u1ee9 hai, t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u00e0o ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#third-freeze-the-tested-configuration\">Th\u1ee9 ba, kh\u00f3a c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#fourth-separate-pre-compliance-from-formal-approval\">Th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#faqs\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#what-are-hardware-testing-standards\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#what-is-the-difference-between-ce-marking-and-fcc-equipment-authorization\">S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa d\u1ea5u CE v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb FCC l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#is-ul-certification-mandatory-in-the-united-states\">Ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn UL c\u00f3 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3 kh\u00f4ng?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#how-do-i-comply-with-hardware-testing-standards-in-the-us-and-eu\">L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ki\u1ec3m tra ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 Li\u00ean minh Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#your-next-step\">B\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-us-and-eu-do-not-want-the-same-proof\">M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 EU kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. Sai l\u1ea7m l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 m\u00e0 t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 coi \u201cvi\u1ec7c xin c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 EU\u201d nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1ng m\u1ee5c duy nh\u1ea5t trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, trong khi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, b\u00ean ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u01a1 s\u00e0i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 h\u1ecfng s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ra m\u1eaft s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf cho nhau trong khi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-us-path-is-split-on-purpose\">Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u1ea1i M\u1ef9, t\u00f4i nhanh ch\u00f3ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 sau: s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 ph\u00e1t ra ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u00f3ng v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn (RF) kh\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 li\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c danh m\u1ee5c c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn an to\u00e0n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ho\u1eb7c k\u00eanh b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng? FCC quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb RF ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0a ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 Ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 Tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p theo 47 CFR Ph\u1ea7n 2, bao g\u1ed3m 47 CFR \u00a7 2.906. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, OSHA c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u NRTL, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 UL, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea1m vi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a OSHA. V\u00ec v\u1eady, khi ai \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3i \u201cch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n UL\u201d, t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 \u201cch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a v\u1ea1ch ra l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf\u201d. \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 sao?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-eu-path-is-broader-but-less-forgiving-of-bluffing\">Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a EU r\u1ed9ng m\u1edf h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng \u00edt khoan dung h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeba<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u1ea1i Li\u00ean minh Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (EU), d\u1ea5u CE kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t huy ch\u01b0\u01a1ng do Brussels trao t\u1eb7ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t r\u1eb1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a EU, v\u00e0 \u1ee6y ban Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng d\u1ea5u CE ch\u1ec9 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn l\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb EMC 2014\/30\/EU v\u00e0, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, Ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb \u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p 2014\/35\/EU. L\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng \u201cCE c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t ch\u00fang t\u00f4i\u201d kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 sai m\u00e0 c\u00f2n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00f4i s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c chia nh\u1ecf n\u00e0y cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua nh\u01b0 sau. B\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y t\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a chuy\u00ean gia t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/th><th>Tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3<\/th><th>Tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng EU<\/th><th>\u0110i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tin t\u01b0\u1edfng<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t vi\u1ec7c th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/td><td>Gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a FCC \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0a ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u; Quy tr\u00ecnh OSHA\/NRTL \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u1ec7n thu\u1ed9c di\u1ec7n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng<\/td><td>Ch\u1ec9 d\u00e1n nh\u00e3n CE khi lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean minh Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/td><td>\u0110i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt n\u00e0o th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho m\u00e3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m (SKU) c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y?<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng ch\u00ednh<\/td><td>B\u00ean ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p, nh\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u, ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u00e0 C\u01a1 quan c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n (TCB) t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh<\/td><td>Nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7y quy\u1ec1n l\u01b0u gi\u1eef h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/td><td>Khi c\u01a1 quan h\u1ea3i quan ho\u1eb7c c\u01a1 quan gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, ai l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a t\u1ec7p tin?<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Quan ni\u1ec7m sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/td><td>\u201cUL t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3\u201d<\/td><td>\u201cCE c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e2u \u00c2u ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t\u201d<\/td><td>H\u00e3y ch\u1ec9 cho t\u00f4i l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i logo<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/td><td>Ph\u00e1t x\u1ea1 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn, th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p, ghi nh\u00e3n, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n an to\u00e0n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m (n\u1ebfu c\u00f3)<\/td><td>Kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng mi\u1ec5n nhi\u1ec5m, an to\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec7n, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1<\/td><td>\u0110\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed n\u00e0o?<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c<\/td><td>Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p, r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 h\u1ea3i quan, vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e0 b\u00e1n l\u1ebb t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i, vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt<\/td><td>Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u CE kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7, h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/td><td>\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i so v\u1edbi m\u1eabu th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m?<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>So s\u00e1nh \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a FCC, OSHA v\u00e0 \u1ee6y ban Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n m\u00e0 t\u00f4i s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9, b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec m\u1ec1m m\u1ecfng h\u01a1n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i su\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-greenshift-blocks-image gspb_image gspb_image-id-gsbp-b2e4495\" id=\"gspb_image-id-gsbp-b2e4495\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/fschier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/A-Practical-Guide-to-Hardware-Testing-Standards-in-the-US-and-EU-3.jpg\" data-src=\"\" alt=\"A Practical Guide to Hardware Testing Standards in the US and EU\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"768\" height=\"512\" title=\"\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-three-lies-vendors-hope-you-never-challenge\">Ba l\u1eddi d\u1ed1i tr\u00e1 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p hy v\u1ecdng b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"our-ce-mark-covers-everything\">\u201cCh\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn CE c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m\u201d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1eady. D\u1ea5u CE ch\u1ec9 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, v\u00e0 \u1ee6y ban \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u CE, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ea5u n\u00e0y tr\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea1m vi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1eef \u201cCE\u201d gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch tr\u1ebb con d\u00f9ng b\u1ed9t l\u1ea5p l\u00e1nh: r\u1ea3i kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i v\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng ai ki\u1ec3m tra xem n\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 d\u00ednh v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u. T\u1ea1i sao b\u1ea1n l\u1ea1i b\u1ecf qua \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ul-is-the-law-in-america\">\u201cUL l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9\u201d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1eady. UL l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a OSHA cho th\u1ea5y Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u Ph\u00f2ng Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c C\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn To\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c (NRTL), m\u1ed7i ph\u00f2ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea1m vi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c NRTL n\u00e0y ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t khi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a OSHA y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u00e1p l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201cB\u1ea1n c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn UL kh\u00f4ng?\u201d, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u201cTi\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, v\u00e0 d\u1ea5u ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng?\u201d. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i th\u00edch \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-test-report-passed-so-production-is-safe\">\u201cB\u00e1o c\u00e1o th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t l\u00e0 an to\u00e0n\u201d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00f2ng \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n nghi ng\u1edd ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u. M\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea1t chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau; n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i sau n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 l\u1edbp ch\u1eafn, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y l\u1edbp m\u1ea1, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1p, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i, lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ef1a v\u1ecf b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a bul\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed thao t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y v\u1edbi b\u00e0i c\u1ee7a Fschier <a href=\"https:\/\/fschier.com\/vi\/structuring-oem-odm-window-hardware-partnerships-that-scale\/\">C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c OEM\/ODM v\u1ec1 ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng<\/a> v\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/fschier.com\/vi\/how-to-build-a-global-sourcing-strategy-for-window-and-door-hardware\/\">chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm ngu\u1ed3n cung \u1ee9ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u<\/a>, b\u1edfi v\u00ec quan \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay c\u1ee7a trang web n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn: tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 tr\u00f2 di\u1ec5n. Ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 xem b\u1ed9 phim \u0111\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n r\u1ed3i sao? (<a href=\"https:\/\/fschier.com\/vi\/\">Foshan Chier<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"case-files-that-should-make-you-less-trusting\">Nh\u1eefng h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 v\u1ee5 \u00e1n khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u00edt tin t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u01a1n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1. V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 2023, \u1ee6y ban An to\u00e0n S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m Ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 l\u1ec7nh thu h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 m\u1edf ra ngo\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 nh\u00f4m thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng Pella Architect Series v\u00ec c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi khung v\u00e0 r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng; l\u1ec7nh thu h\u1ed3i n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m kho\u1ea3ng 12.000 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1ea1i Canada v\u00e0 Mexico. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra khi hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi l\u1eafp r\u00e1p th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o. \u0110\u1ecdc <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cpsc.gov\/Recalls\/2024\/Pella-Recalls-Casement-Windows-Due-to-Injury-Hazard-Recall-Alert\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o thu h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a CPSC<\/a> v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed l\u00e0 t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ef1c thi \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u1ee9ng r\u1eafn h\u01a1n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i n\u1edbi l\u1ecfng. Reuters \u0111\u01b0a tin v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 2025 r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t t\u00f2a ph\u00fac th\u1ea9m M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Hikvision nh\u1eb1m l\u1eadt ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ec7nh c\u1ea5m n\u0103m 2022 c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y ban Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng Li\u00ean bang (FCC) \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1edbi, \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n l\u1ec7 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd m\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1edbt l\u1edd cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn ra c\u01a1 quan n\u00e0y s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f2a. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec n\u00f3 g\u1eedi \u0111i m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u: vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra mang t\u00ednh h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/legal\/us-court-rejects-hikvision-bid-lift-fcc-ban-equipment-approvals-2025-02-27\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">B\u00e0i b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Reuters v\u1ec1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Hikvision<\/a> \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u1edbi th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ea1nh l\u00f9ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n. H\u00e3ng tin Reuters \u0111\u01b0a tin v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 2025 r\u1eb1ng \u1ee6y ban Truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng Li\u00ean bang (FCC) \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu c\u1ea5m c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m Trung Qu\u1ed1c b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro an ninh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed d\u00e0nh cho th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng M\u1ef9; b\u00e0i b\u00e1o c\u0169ng l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, kho\u1ea3ng 75% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m Trung Qu\u1ed1c. K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u00e1o c\u00e1o Safety Gate th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 2025 c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y ban Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u cho th\u1ea5y 4.137 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o trong n\u0103m 2024, con s\u1ed1 cao nh\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y ra m\u1eaft v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2003, th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 n\u1edbi l\u1ecfng, m\u00e0 \u0111ang si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t h\u01a1n. T\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam t\u00fac n\u00e0o l\u1ea1i v\u1eabn x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean suy ngh\u0129 \u201cch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 sau khi ra m\u1eaft\u201d? Xem <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/media-telecom\/us-agency-votes-bar-chinese-labs-deemed-security-risks-testing-us-electronics-2025-05-22\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Reuters \u0111\u01b0a tin v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch tr\u1ea5n \u00e1p c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a FCC<\/a> v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y ban <a href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/commission\/presscorner\/detail\/en\/ip_25_1064\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n Safety Gate 2024<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-workflow-i-would-actually-use-before-the-first-po\">Quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 t\u00f4i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 s\u1ebd \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"first-classify-the-hardware-honestly\">Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, h\u00e3y ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch trung th\u1ef1c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ba t\u1eeb \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u01a1 kh\u00ed th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u1edbi, hay thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng d\u00e2y nh\u01b0 Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, LTE ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t kh\u00e1c? T\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y v\u00ec quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed cho m\u1ed9t tay n\u1eafm b\u1eb1ng h\u1ee3p kim k\u1ebdm, m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb truy c\u1eadp ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng ngu\u1ed3n 24 VDC v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ed5 kh\u00f3a th\u00f4ng minh 2,4 GHz ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u1edbt l\u1edd \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ch\u1ecdn sai ph\u1ea1m vi ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"second-map-the-law-before-the-lab\">Th\u1ee9 hai, t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u00e0o ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1c quan. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng M\u1ef9, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd r\u00e0 so\u00e1t c\u00e1c gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p c\u1ee7a FCC, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 nh\u00e3n m\u00e1c, v\u00e0 xem li\u1ec7u k\u00eanh t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn an to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn hay kh\u00f4ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng EU, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd r\u00e0 so\u00e1t c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00e0i h\u00f2a, tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7, nh\u00e3n m\u00e1c v\u00e0 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. Ch\u1ec9 sau khi ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i m\u1edbi m\u1edbi h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh ho\u1eb7c s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eabu. Th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 n\u00e0y r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i cho ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"third-freeze-the-tested-configuration\">Th\u1ee9 ba, kh\u00f3a c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u201cv\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d tr\u1eeb khi c\u00f3 ai \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n. H\u00e3y c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt sau: phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n PCB, \u0103ng-ten, l\u1edbp ch\u1eafn nhi\u1ec5u, nh\u1ef1a v\u1ecf m\u00e1y, b\u1ed9 gio\u0103ng, lo\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p kim k\u1ebdm, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa AISI 304 v\u00e0 316, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7, th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u1ed1c v\u00edt, b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u00fang. Sau \u0111\u00f3, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0y v\u00e0o l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u01a1 kh\u00ed-ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, h\u00e3y tham kh\u1ea3o t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Fschier\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/fschier.com\/vi\/how-to-verify-hardware-compliance-for-aluminum-windows-and-doors\/\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cho c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 v\u00e0 c\u1eeda ra v\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng nh\u00f4m<\/a> v\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/fschier.com\/vi\/preventing-defective-finishes-corrosion-in-window-hardware\/\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba \u0103n m\u00f2n ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n c\u1eeda s\u1ed5<\/a> c\u00f3 \u00edch v\u00ec ch\u00fang li\u00ean t\u1ee5c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu: vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafp r\u00e1p r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch m\u1eabu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"fourth-separate-pre-compliance-from-formal-approval\">Th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00f4i \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 v\u00ec n\u00f3 gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u00f3 x\u1eed, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec n\u00f3 thay th\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3m tra s\u01a1 b\u1ed9, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0103n m\u00f2n th\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec3m, ki\u1ec3m tra tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd m\u00f4-men xo\u1eafn, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m chu k\u1ef3 b\u1ea3n l\u1ec1, so s\u00e1nh phun mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u1edbp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed3i ngay t\u1eeb s\u1edbm. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf cho quy tr\u00ecnh xin c\u1ea5p ph\u00e9p ho\u1eb7c khai b\u00e1o b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c. L\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng minh nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean trang fschier.com \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn <a href=\"https:\/\/fschier.com\/vi\/what-global-buyers-look-for-in-a-long-term-hardware-partner\/\">Nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau ch\u00ed m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 mua h\u00e0ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c cung c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/a> Sau ph\u1ea7n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7; vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t hay kh\u00f4ng. L\u00e0m sao l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-greenshift-blocks-image gspb_image gspb_image-id-gsbp-6bfcae1\" id=\"gspb_image-id-gsbp-6bfcae1\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/fschier.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/A-Practical-Guide-to-Hardware-Testing-Standards-in-the-US-and-EU-4.jpg\" data-src=\"\" alt=\"A Practical Guide to Hardware Testing Standards in the US and EU\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" title=\"\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"faqs\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-are-hardware-testing-standards\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ki\u1ec3m tra ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1p l\u00fd v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh an to\u00e0n, h\u00e0nh vi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n, ghi nh\u00e3n, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n, nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u, l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang lu\u1eadt, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 ch\u1ee9ng minh, thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 chung chung r\u1eb1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-is-the-difference-between-ce-marking-and-fcc-equipment-authorization\">S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa d\u1ea5u CE v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb FCC l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u1ea5u CE l\u00e0 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean minh Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (EU) v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, trong khi gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb FCC l\u00e0 khung ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 v\u00f4 tuy\u1ebfn (RF), ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn v\u00e0 th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn: D\u1ea5u CE kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p FCC, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p FCC c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201ch\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"is-ul-certification-mandatory-in-the-united-states\">Ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn UL c\u00f3 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3 kh\u00f4ng?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn UL kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1p l\u00fd b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3, b\u1edfi v\u00ec OSHA c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u Ph\u00f2ng Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c C\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn To\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c (NRTL) v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 k\u00eanh ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i. Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn UL\u201d ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec th\u00f3i quen. T\u00f4i th\u00e0 nghe c\u00e2u: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ea1m vi v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n NRTL ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-do-i-comply-with-hardware-testing-standards-in-the-us-and-eu\">L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ki\u1ec3m tra ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 Li\u00ean minh Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ki\u1ec3m tra ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 EU c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho t\u1eebng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra, l\u1eadp h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u1ecdi thay \u0111\u1ed5i sau khi ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi trung th\u1ef1c. C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u201cl\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng\u201d l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng\u201d, v\u00e0 t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m \u0111\u00f3 mang l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"your-next-step\">B\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u00e3y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf. Ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t m\u00e3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m (SKU) th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t cho th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 EU: l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, danh s\u00e1ch ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m, ghi nh\u00e3n, vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u, \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng danh s\u00e1ch v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u (BOM), \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u00fang (firmware) v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 nh\u00f3m n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 xung quanh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch <a href=\"https:\/\/fschier.com\/vi\/how-to-verify-hardware-compliance-for-aluminum-windows-and-doors\/\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cho c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 v\u00e0 c\u1eeda ra v\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng nh\u00f4m<\/a>, c\u00e1i <a href=\"https:\/\/fschier.com\/vi\/how-to-build-a-global-sourcing-strategy-for-window-and-door-hardware\/\">chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm ngu\u1ed3n cung \u1ee9ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u<\/a>, c\u00e1i <a href=\"https:\/\/fschier.com\/vi\/preventing-defective-finishes-corrosion-in-window-hardware\/\">H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba \u0103n m\u00f2n ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n c\u1eeda s\u1ed5<\/a>, v\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/fschier.com\/vi\/what-global-buyers-look-for-in-a-long-term-hardware-partner\/\">Nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau ch\u00ed m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 mua h\u00e0ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u1edf m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c cung c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb<\/a>. T\u00f4i s\u1ebd l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi k\u00fd h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i, v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tin v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 hoa m\u1ef9 n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i do kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng nghe n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn FCC, CE hay UL. H\u1ecd b\u1ecb t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i v\u00ec nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn gi\u1eefa nh\u00e3n m\u00e1c v\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng, gi\u1eefa b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, v\u00e0 gi\u1eefa th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a m\u1eabu th\u1eed v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u00e0 t\u00f4i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 s\u1ebd \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1142,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_gspb_post_css":"#gspb_image-id-gsbp-6bfcae1 img,#gspb_image-id-gsbp-b2e4495 img,#gspb_image-id-gsbp-fa57b8c img{vertical-align:top;display:inline-block;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:100%;height:auto}","footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[470,472,467,471,468,466,473,469],"class_list":["post-1141","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-fenestration-hardware-compliance","tag-ce-marking-requirements","tag-emc-testing-standards","tag-eu-hardware-testing-standards","tag-fcc-equipment-authorization","tag-hardware-compliance-testing","tag-hardware-testing-standards","tag-ul-safety-standards","tag-us-hardware-testing-standards"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fschier.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1141","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fschier.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fschier.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fschier.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fschier.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1141"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/fschier.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1141\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1146,"href":"https:\/\/fschier.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1141\/revisions\/1146"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fschier.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1142"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fschier.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1141"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fschier.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1141"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fschier.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1141"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}